谈到中华传统文化，大家首先想到的莫过于以孔子思想为代表的儒学思想，但中华传统文化绝不止这些；谈到中医药，大家第一印象可能是针灸、按摩，因为她们已经走向全球，但中医药也远不止如此。医学、生物学飞速发展的21世纪，中医药学这一古老学科为什么还有生命力？她与现代医药学有何不同？为什么很多人觉得中医药知识体系不容易学习和掌握？因为：中医药学具有深厚的中华传统文化背景，如果不了解中华传统文化，就难以深入理解中医药学的思想和知识。 本课程就是希望通过剖析中医药与中华传统文化的密切联系，使大家了解中医药学的中华传统文化的背景，更容易理解中医药的思维特征、思想特色和知识体系。通过本课程的学习，不仅能掌握一些中医药的基本知识、中医药养生的原理和方法，还能从中医药的视角认识中华传统文化的精髓。
易文化起源
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From the course by Shanghai Jiao Tong University
中医药与中华传统文化
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From the lesson
易文化与中医药 & 儒学思想与中医药
古老而神秘的易文化，有人觉得很难理解，有人觉得博大精深，究竟易文化对中医产生了哪些影响呢？儒学思想作为主流思想文化之一，又是如何与中医药学相互渗透、相互影响？让我们跟随彭老师的讲解一起开启中医药的传统文化基因之旅，从文化角度理解中医药知识体系的特征。
Meet the Instructors
Peng ChongshengAssociate Professor
School of Pharmacy
Hi everyone
according to the learning of previous modules
we have basic knowledge of Traditional Chinese Madicine
And this chapter
we will discuss
the culture of Traditional Chinese Madicine
as followings, "Yi Culture" which is the origin of Chinese cultures
emergences of three essential ideologies
which are "Ru","Dao" and "Buddha"
how these cultures and TCM impact each other
we will learn about Traditional Chinese Culture from TCM attitude
as well as TCM Knowledge System characters from cultural attitude
we divided this chapter into four parts
the first one, "Yi Culture and TCM"
the second one, "Ru Ideology and TCM"
the third one, "Dao Culture and TCM"
the forth one, "Buddha Culture and TCM"
in the first part, "Yi Culture and TCM"
there are three topics for us to discuss
let's start with this one
why we are paying attention to the topic of "Yi Culture and TCM"
Let's look at the opinions of Simiao Sun in Tang Dynasty for this topic
his oppinions could be interpreted as followings
in order to become a good doctor
besides mastering in medical works, such as "Huang Di Nei Jing" and etc.
as well as the thoughts of famous doctors
we also need to know "Zhou Yi" and etc.
let's look at the modern medical experts
e.g. Professor Qicheng Zhang from Beiking TCM University, what's his oppinion to the relationship of "Yi and TCM"?
he said, the one learning only medical science, but not "Yi Culture"
would have a narrow thought
and couldn't catch the essence and rules of human life from macroscopic view
the one leaning "Yi Culture", but not knowing anything about medical science
would be a talker
and couldn't solve any single problem
he thought that only to combine the two together
could achieve the best of both
and make up for the deficiencies for each other
from the oppinions of acient and modern medical experts, we could learn that there is some certain relationship between TCM and Yi Culture
in this chapter, we will discuss three topics
firt of all, let's look at the origin and development of Yi Culture
to get the basic knowledge of Yi Culture
and then we will summerize the core thoughts of Yi Culture
last but not least, we will learn about the influence of Yi Culture to TCM
in this module, we mainly talk about the origin of Yi Culture
usually, we divid the origin of Yi Culture from three phases
according to the beginning and development
He Luo Culture foudation of Yi Culture
the origin of Three Yi
how do we look at these three phases
of orign and development of Yi Culture
it could be divided into three phases
the first one is beginning of Yi Culture
which was in neolith time
about ten thousand years ago
in China, the symbol of neolith time are
emerging of farming, grinding stone tools
pottery and original textile
the main relics in neolith time are
Yang Shao Culture in the midstream of the Yellow River
this one is very famous
and Ma Jia Yao Culture in the upper reaches of the Yellow River
and also Da Wen Kou Culture as well as Long Shan Culture in the lower reaches of the Yellow River
in the process of productive forces
from the awe to nature
to knowing natural rules
people slowly knew how to produce, how to survive and how to avoid natural disasters
according to observe the natural lives, changing of weather and cosmic phenomena
people gradually learned about the rules of lives
yet for the lack of written language
now all we could know are legends
the most popular one is Fu Xi
Fu Xi and others invented Fu Xi Eight Diagrams
from observing the various phenomena of nature
this is the symbol of the beginning of Yi Culture
the second phase is the formation of Yi Jing
it was mainly in dynasties of Xia, Shang and Zhou
and we also call it as Bronze Culture Period
in China, Bronze Culture started in two thousand B.C.
and went through dynasties of Xia, Shang, West Zhou and Chun Qiu
about fifteen centuries
at that time, the Bronze tools were for instrument, weapons, miscellaneous device and etc.
in later period of Shang Dynasty and early period of Wes Zhou Dynasty
the casting technique of bronze achieved the best
at that time, in Asia Continent
casting technique of broze in Shang and Zhou was shining like a pearl
and in ancient China
this was a new phase of human culture
the creation of written language
has succussfully recorded Zhou Yi culture in the ways of words and pictues
yet the explanation at that time was pretty simple
and only few people knew it
Zhou Yi is the assemblage of Chinese three-thousand-year culture
the third assemblage
in slavey society of China, Symbol Culture and Divination Culture had reached great summerizations
and then the third phase
what is it?
it is the phase of creation and transmission of Yi Zhuan
the time period is from Zhan Guo to Qing and Han
most people think that Yi Zhuan was written by Confucian scholars
and someone think that it was written by Confucius and his followers
to interpret his philosophical ideas
although it is controversial
Yi Zhuan
could make more people
know about the rules and applications of Zhou Yi
this book made a great promotion of Yi Culture
and also helped later generations further research in Yi Culture
after Emperor Hanwu advocated Confucianism-only ideology
Zhou Yi jumped to the top of Six Classics
what are Six Classics?
they are Poetry, Books, Etiquette, Music, Yi and Chunqiu (history)
they are representative works of Traditional Chinese Culture
at that time
Yi Culture's stutas in Traditional Chinese Cultrues was officially setted
during the later dynasties
scholars of Yi Culture did the research of Zhou Yi
from aspectives of theory of Yi and reading images
and then there came Theory Group and Theory Group
if you are interested in this
you could read some books about Yi Culture
I am not gonna talk more
the second part, Heluo Culture Foundation of Yi Culture
it happened in neolith time, the beginning of Yi Culture
the origin of Yi Culture
how did it happen?
let's have a general understanding of He Luo Culture Foundation
Images of He Image and Luo Book came from
the origin and legends of Zhou Yi and Hong Fan
in Yi Xici, it said
He Image appears, and Luo Book appears, and then the Saint comes
what does this sentence mean?
it said in Fu Xi period
dragon horse appeared in Yellow River, and carried with "He Image"
sacred turtle appeared in Luo River, and carried with "Luo Book"
according to the Image and the Book, Fu Xi drew Eight Diagrams
this was the initial mode of Zhou Yi
so there is a story in China
it said that look up to observe the images of the sky
and overlook to understand the rules of earth
observe animal languages and environmental condition
there is another version of this story
it may not be real
in Tian Shui Mai Ji Districk
which was called West of Wei Nan, Bei Dao District before
there was a Gua Tai Mountain
it was said that in Fu Xi period
people knew nothing about nature
they were fearful and confused when rain, wind, lightning, and thunder came
and Fu Xi wanted to figure all these out
so he often standed on Gua Tai montain
to watch the sun, the moon and the stars
to overlook the land appreance nearby
sometimes, to look over the footprints and patterns of animals
in one day, he came to the mountain again
pondering deeply in the phenomenas from the long-term observation
suddenly, he heard a strange sound
in the front of Gua Tai Mountain, there was a Dragon-horse coming out of a cave
why do we call it as dragon-horse
because the animal had the head of dragon and the body of horse
there were some strange patters in its body
the dragon-horse jumped onto a big rock in Wei Shui River which was bellowing Gua Tai Mountain
the shape of the rock was like Tai Ji
the picture of the shape and the patterns in dragon-horse's body
presented a epiphany to Fu Xi
then he drew Eight Diagrams
watching the images of sky and observing the rules of earth
show that Zhou Yi belongs to Materialism
it comes from natural phenomenas
Eigh Diagrams could explain the evolving rules of all creatures
and in fact, He Image refers to weather chart in non-literal period
circle symbolizes the sky
Luo Book is the map in acient China
square symblizes earth
hence, in ancient China, people thought the sky was a circle and the earth was a square
same as decription in Luo Book and He Image
it matches the upper with south, the bellowing with north
left with east, and right with west
it shows that the evolving rules of all the creatures are same
and there are some number phenomenas
odd number is Yang, and even number is Yin
odd and even numbers come together to generate Image. And the Number is identical
in addition, Eight Diagrams and He Luo Cultures also contains the rules of Metal, Wood, Water, Fire and Earth
in the third part, we will talk about the origin of Three Yi
what are Three Yi?
in Chinese history, Yi Culture refers to not only Zhou Yi
yet the other two are missing
we could only know Zhou Yi
Three Yi were recorded in Zhou Li
it was call Tai Pu Yi
to make it more specific
they were Lian Shan, Gui Zang and Zhou Yi
Lian Shan and Gui Zang are missing now
all the information are recorded from a ancient book
le't look at Lian Shan Yi
why was it called only Lian Shan and without Yi
the name was firstly knew by people from the book of Zhou Li
Lian Shan Yi talked about how to reading the guidance from the changes of four seasons and Six Factors
how to know the coodinate from the rules of Six Character
how to read the prophesy by the rules of time and space
different from idea of promoting and constraining mutually of five factors
Lian Shan Yi made the rules by objective observation of substance
and made the sytematic regulation of human behaviors
how about Gui Zang Yi?
there are two short stories
the first one talked about a legend
ancestor of Shang Dynasty people was named as Qi
and Qi's mother was Jian Di
she went to shower in the river with two companions
and saw a magic bird laying an egg
magic bird is what we call swallow today
Jian Di picked up the egg and ate it
and then got pregnant
and this was the birth of Qi
since Jian Di was the mother of the ancestor of Yin People
all they had were endowed by the great mother
hence, they changed Lian Shan to Gui Zang
we all know that Kun symbolizes the earth, the mother and the female
then the sentence "all creatures belongs to Gui Zang"
means that everything comes from the mother Jian Di
to extend that, human culture and civilization are mainly about the earth
everything comes from the earth, and goes back the earth eventually
now we are talking about the second story
in ancient time, people suffered a lot in waterflood
Shun sent Gun to control the flood
Gun adopted the tough ways to fight against nature
by building huge dams to prevent the flood
yet nature was so powerful
it destroied all the dams
to save people's lives, Shun designated Da Yu, the son of Gun, to continue to do the controlling flood project
according to Hong Fan, the Heaven gave Da Yu a management book, called Hong Fan Jiu Chou
a system of ruling the world
it was said that the Heaven sent a sacred turtle carring Luo Book in Luo River
and then the turtle gave the book to Da Yu
Da Yu learn about it and written the second Yi Jing, Gui Zang Yi
of course, the two stories are only legends
it is said that Gui Zang Yi illustrated six timing factors
to help people to do things acuratelly and appropriately
what are six timing factors?
they are nothing, something,union, opposition, behavior and ethic
these six timing factors are the basic elements for dividing time in ancient China
e.g. 12-hour a day, 24 solar terms
they are multiple numbers of six
and also it provided theory foundation for Six Yao from Zhou Yi which was invented by Emperor Zhou Wen
then let's look at Zhou Yi
there's a story about Zhou Yi
Emperor Zhou Wen invented Zhou Yi when he was in prison
what does this mean?
Zhou Yi was written by Emperor Zhou Wen
who is Emperor Zhou Wen?
he was named Ji Chang
living between 1213 B.C to 1117 B.C.
he had another name Xi Bo in history
he was the leader of Zhou Dynasty
he earned lots of hearts for his kindness, politeness and efferts in developing production
his achivement generated jealousy and dissatisfaction of Emperor Shangzhou, and called Emperor Yin Zhou later
he was fatuous and brutal
the slander leaded him to imprison Ji Chang in Mai City
during the prison time, Emperor Zhou Wen creatively covered two diagrams of Eight Diagrams
and to find out 64 diagrams
it's extention of Yijing
and we call it Zhou Yi nowadays
Empire Zhou Wen created 64 diagrams and wrote the explanations
and later Zhou Gongdan wrote the divinations for them
and then formed the system of Zhou Yi
someone think that Zhou Yi is a book of divination
and was written by officers who were in charge of divination
after a thousand year accumulation from Xia Dynasty to Zhou Dynasty
although Lian Shan and Gui Zang were lost
Zhou Yi, including 64 diagrams, the explanation and divination had got transmitted
and improved gradually in later ages
this is really a long-time accumulation
Indeed, information accumulation of different dynasties and different scholars eventually formed Zhou Yi
OK, orign and evolution of Zhou Yi Culture is ended here
in next module, we will talk about the core thoughts of Yi Culture
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