《杏林探宝——认知中药》是由上海中医药大学推出的一门关于中药学的慕课课程，由上海中医药大学杨柏灿教授主讲。 上海中医药大学（Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine）的前身是上海中医学院，创建于1956年，是新中国诞生后国家首批建立的四所中医药高等院校之一，也是上海市属高校中唯一的一所医科类重点特色院校。 中药学根植于中华文化，是中医药学的重要组成部分，也凝聚着中华文明的精髓。其悠久的历史，卓越的防病治病效果，较少的毒副作用，成为中华民族防病治病不可或缺的选择。同时，中药的作用也日益引起国际社会的关注和重视。但不可否认，对中药的认识和应用存在着一些不容忽视的误区与盲区，非常有必要采取一定的方式，通过合适的平台传播、普及中药知识，使人们对中药有一个更为全面准确的认识，并能合理应用，让中药为人类的健康保健发挥更大的作用。
5-4 医患配合，确保用药安全
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Из курса от партнера Shanghai Jiao Tong University
杏林探宝——认知中药
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安全合理应用中药
用药安全性概念及影响因素。以具体实例从组方配伍、用量用法、病证禁忌等方面，强调医患配合在确保中药既有效又安全上的重要性。提出如何应用一定的方法确保一些有毒药物在疾病治疗中的作用与安全，使之由毒物变宝物。
介绍中药：马钱子、朱砂、砒石等。
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杨柏灿教授，博士生导师
上海中医药大学中药学教研室
In this unit,
we've introduced
the concept of safety of Chinese herbs,
some representative toxic herbs,
and factors affecting the safety.
Next, I'm going to talk about
the cooperation between doctors and patients
to ensure the safety of Chinese herbs.
To be honest,
this sounds empty
but a real issues in reality.
Today,
there is an intense conflict bewteen
doctors and patients,
some doctors or nurses have been attacked,
and their lives have been threatened.
This problem has become more prominent.
First,
we need to have a correct understanding about Chinese herbs.
We say that it's trune that
all medicine are somewhat toxic.
You need to
have a clear understanding about Chinese herbs
before selecting these herbs.
If you do not have information,
you have to follow the doctor's instructions.
Actually
it's the doctor's
responsibility
to educate patients these knowledge.
That's why we
are having this course.
This is one aspect.
The second aspect:
it needs attention
from the part of doctors,
dispensaries,
pharmacies
and patients.
Profit should never be placed
above quality and type of materia medica.
Patients
or people that use Chinese herbs
cannot buy the so-called
genuine materia medica
wherever they travel.
Then you need to be clear
what you bought
is genuine or not;
how to preserve
and use those herbs,
instead of keeping
these herbs.
As a result,
we have to
pay attention to the quality and types of materia medica.
The second aspect:
for toxic,
aggressively strong herbs,
we cannot discard
or use blindly,
especially for poorly-regulated
toxic herbs
or atoxic
but have strong effects.
We need to be fully cautious about
their preparation,
which is related to
prescription
and products supplied by manufacturers.
You have to be clear about your preparation.
Only by this,
can you avoid
side effects of these herbs
or safety risk.
This is the second aspect.
In addition,
doctors
should pay attention to
combination of Chinese herbs
and
their contraindications.
So the eighteen antagonisms
and nineteen mutual inhibitions
should always be kept in mind.
About contraindications of Chinese herbs,
for example, Gan Cao (Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae)
cannot be used for patients with edema
or rarely used for patients with problems in the lower jiao.
Such issues deserve
attention.
Additionally,
I still want to
emphasize the good coordination
and communication
between doctors and patients.
Doctors need to have patience
to educate patients
about how to use medicine
and other relevant information.
These instructions or communications
can avoid patient-doctor conflict
and ensure drug safety.
Of course, this also
involves appropriate use of
Chinese herbs,
including the dose,
decoction
and administration method.
Doctors need to be clear about these information
and at the same time
inform the patient
to ensure the prescriptions are safe and effective.
So this is
like talking about strategy in a piece of paper.
Different doctors may handle in different ways,
however,
it's the doctor's job
to avoid doctor-patient conflict
and ensure the safety and efficacy of medicine.
Medical students should surely
have all these information.
The course
consists of
five units.
I hope after this course,
you can understand the
concept of Chinese herbs,
why they are called Chinese herbs only in China
and their cultural attributes.
In addition, you should also know
the basic treatment of treatment in Chinese medicine
is to correct a deviation with another deviation.
You need to understand why Chinese herbs can be used to treat diseases,
theories on properties of Chinese herbs,
origin of these theories
and wisdom of Chinese herbs in disease treatment.
We've introduced
more than 40 Chinese herbs.
Of these herbs,
some are rare and expensive,
some are common
food and medicine,
and some
are toxic herbs.
I've mentioned that
we need to comprehensively
understand these herbs and how to use them.
And we cannot use them blindly
but follow the theoretical guidance.
This is one aspect.
All materia medica
are faced with
the safety issue.
So in this unit,
we're going to focus on one big issue
drug safety.
It can take a few words
or extended long period of time to solve.
What's more,
in our daily lives,
no matter you learn or
use Chinese medicine,
you should always keep in mind that
medicine is toxic
and effective.
So I'd like to take
this opportunity
to generalize
this course.
There are more
than 10,000 herbs and
300-500 common ones.
What we've learned are very superficial.
For further study,
you can read more materials and books.
In daily life, we can also realize
With this we concluded this course.
Thank you!
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