This course will survey the music of the Rolling Stones, beginning with the roots and first formation of the band in the early 1960s, and following the group through the release of It's Only Rock 'n' Roll in late 1974.
More Singles and an EP in 1964
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Из курса от партнера University of Rochester
The Music of the Rolling Stones, 1962-1974
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Introduction and Students of the Blues
Beginnings through the release of the early singles, and album, 1962-64.
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John CovachProfessor of Music and Director
Institute for Popular Music
The second half of 1964 featured some more singles from the Rolling Stones and
a second EP.
To begin our discussion, I want to bring our consideration back to
the one really bright spot from that summer America tour in 1964,
and that was the opportunity for the Rolling Stones to record.
At, Chess, the Chess Records studio, the Chess studios in Chicago, and to get
in there and record in the studio where some of their, their idols had recorded.
In fact, at those sessions that they were there for
two days Muddy Waters and Willie Dixon actually came by and
met the guys there are some stories you're going to read about.
Where one of the stories I read was a tribute to Keith Richards that you know,
they came into Chess Studios and they asked is Muddy working?
And they said, oh yeah, Muddy's in the studio.
Oh great, we get to see Muddy in the studio.
And Muddy Waters was in the studio,
painting the studio because his career had fallen off.
That probably didn't happen.
What, what seems to have happened is on the second day of recording, Willie Dixon,
Muddy Waters, maybe Chuck Berry popped by the studio coz they were in town.
And Muddy Waters was real nice to the guys, helped them load their gear and
this kind of thing so they got to meet the great Muddy Waters.
That's probably the way that it came down.
Let's just also put a pin in an idea here, that is that,
Leonard Chess, who owned Chess Records and
helped develop this whole Chess legacy has a son by the name of Marshall Chess,
and Marshall Chess is going to come into our story a little bit later when we talk
about the early 1970's, when the Rolling Stones formed their own record label.
It will be run by Marshall Chess.
So, this connection with Chess that begins in the summer of
1964 continues into the 1970s in an important kind of way.
Well, so we, let's listen, let's think about some of the songs that came out
of that that Chess recording thing in, in June.
The next big hit, It's All Over Now backed by Good Times,
Bad Times, was released in June of 1964 in the UK.
It's All Over Now went to number 1 in the UK, when released in
August of 64 in the United States, It's All Over Now went to number 26.
Again some of this was recorded at Chess and
some of this was recorded at Regent Sound in February of '64 by Bill Farley.
Now, It's All Over Now a song by Bobby and
Shirley Womack was released by a group called The Valentinos in 1964.
And just to give you an idea how fast things used to be able to
happen [LAUGH] in the record business this single was recommended to
the Rolling Stones by Murray the K,
the famous New York DJ when they were in New York for that summer tour.
He said oh, there's a song I think you ought to do.
It's it's called It's All Over Now by a group called The Valentinos,
he gave them the record.
Well, you know, I don't know, they must have gone back to the hotel or whatever.
By the time they got to Chicago in Chess Studios,
they were recording their version of the tune.
That's an interesting one,
because the original version of the tune does not sound so country.
But by the time the Stones get a hold of it,
even though I think they're trying to do the song the way it is on the record,
it really takes on a kind of of almost kind of country flavor and
that country influence is something we're really going to want to watch as we
go forward especially with the Stones' original music.
The other side of that record, Good Times, Bad Times A B side now,
another Jagger-Richards original that we'll talk about.
A little bit later and it's the, the first Jagger-Richards song released by
The Stones on, on a single it's the second song released by The Stones overall,
so this track here in addition to tell me and good times bad times
both of them being sort of very big first Jagger Richards tunes released as singles.
now, we move on to the next song tell me which we talked about before with
regard to the, the first record, it being the sole original Jagger Richards tune.
This song Tell Me was released in the US in June of 1964.
So it was released before Good Times Bad Times.
So I guess the right way to put it is Tell Me is an A side released in June in
the United States, and then Good Times Bad Times is a B side released and
in August of 1964 in the United States.
Although, good times bad times had been released as an A side [LAUGH] well let's
just think of them as both being original songs that were released in the summer,
and important original tunes for the Rolling Stones.
Both Tell Me, the A side, and I Just Want To Make Love To You
their cover of the Muddy Waters tune were both on the the first album.
And Tell Me is a song that I'm going to,
at the end of our lectures this week, I'm going to spend a bit of time sort
of delving into it in a little bit more detail, as well as Good Times, Bad Times.
So, I don't really want to say too much more about it.
Tell Me was a single that was released in the US only.
So Tell Me,
and original Jagger-Richards tune, was not released as a single in the UK.
It was released in the US in June of 1964, at about the same time as
the album was released, the first album was released in this country, and
the same time as that tour, so you can see the coordination of having a single,
an album and a tour all going on in the U.S. at the same time.
The song made it to number 24 in the charts in the U.S.
One of the reasons maybe why the, the group was not so
interested in releasing Tell Me in the UK,
was because they had a new EP coming out in the UK called Five by Five.
And this is the one that really ties into the Chess recording sessions.
It was released in August of 1964, and
this EP, Five by Five, was never released in the US as an EP.
Most of the tracks, all of the tracks, end up on the next Rolling Stones record.
12 by 5, but this Five by Five really is a document of their
time at Chess Studios in June of 1964.
Was recorded there, there in those, it was engineered by Ron Malo,
who they would end up coming back to Chess Studios, again to record and
working with with Ron Malo there produced by Andrew Oldham.
The songs on that five by five album are If You Need Me, Empty Heart,
2120 South Michigan Avenue, Confessin' the Blues, Around and Around.
We'll say a little bit more about those songs when we talk about the album 12.5.
But all of those songs, recorded at Chess Studios, and
captured on that British only EP, Five by Five.
Well the next single released in the US, in September of 1964,
now goes to number six.
So a number six single for The Rolling Stones in the fall of 64.
Remember, that that's the same song that they're going to come back again for
a tour of the United States.
They're going to appear on the Ed Sullivan Show,
they play Time Is On My Side on Ed Sullivan.
That performance, if I'm not if I'm not mistaken and
also performed on The Tammy Show.
So by the end of '64 things are really starting to pick up and starting to
lead toward the massive success that they're going to see in this country,
In well the United States that is in 1965.
So Time Is On My Side is that single,
The B-side congratulations, another Jagger-Richards piece.
So, when you think about the singles that we've talked about so far,
let's think about that idea of how the publishing is going to work out.
It's All Over Now is released.
That's a cover version of the Bobby and Shirley Womack tune.
But the B-side, has got Good Times, Bad Times, that's a Jagger/Richard tune, so
we're getting publishing on that B-side.
Then in the US, they release Tell Me.
Well, that's a Jagger-Richards song, so we're getting publishing on that.
The B-side is a Muddy Waters tune, I Just want to Make Love To You.
The next one is their cover of Time Is On My Side.
That's a cover version, but congratulations a Jagger-Richards song
is on the B sides of it getting publishing on that.
So this is I think we're starting to see a pattern of trying to
make sure they capitalize on the records that they're promoting,
the records that they're supporting with their live performances trying to
make as much as they can of revenue.
Remembering that in these days every band,
was afraid that this gravy train could end any minute.
The pop audience is fickle, You were the flavor of the month,
maybe only the flavor of the week.
You gotta make hay while the sun shines,
make as much money as you can in this business.
The Beatles, The Stones, all those groups were basically saying maybe we'll be
big for another year or two or something like that.
Nobody had any idea.
That we'd be offering courses on these these groups some 50 years later and
you know and they would still be selling records and
there would still be lots of money involved in their enterprises.
They all kind of figured they'd have a couple a couple of years maybe
in the limelight and then it would be over.
So while you're doing it you try to make as much as you possibly can.
That's kind of what, what's happening behind this strategy.
So let's talk a little bit about Time Is On My Side.
This is an interesting one because it was recorded twice.
So there are actually two versions of the tune.
One that was recorded at Regent Sound in June of '64 and another that was
recorded at Chess Studios on that second American tour in November of 1964.
The Oregon version is the London version, and
that's the one that was released as a single.
The one that has the guitar intro, if you hear the guitar intro at the beginning,
that's the Chicago version.
That's the Chess version.
So Time Is On My Side had been writ, a song written by a guy
by the name of Jerry Ragovoy under the pen name Norman Meade.
There's also a guy by the name,
a guy by the name of Jimmy Norman who gets songwriting credit for that.
The Stones seem to have based their version on a version by
Irma Thomas from 1963.
It was the B side, to her song.
The A side of it was Baby Don't Come on with Me and
So Time is on My Side was on the B side.
Again this, this,
this is a record that I think Andrew Loog Oldham was, it was shopped to him.
You know, and so this is one reason why a B side from Irma Thomas not
a particularly well known American pop singer how A B side from a singer like
that ends up on a Rolling Stone ends up being a Rolling Stone single.
It's because the song was shopped to the songs because people knew they were
looking for material, they weren't really known for authors of their own material.
Most popular musicians at that time weren't that's one of
the thing that Leonard and Dillon changed so much about rock music.
At this time most pop acts were looking for
songs and there were people who made it there job to shop those songs to artists.
We'll say a little bit more about congratulations in the song closeup
at the end of this week, so i'll save my, i'll
save my discussion of the Jagger-Richards B-side for that discussion.
Following at the end of the year in the UK, the Rolling Stones released the song
Little Red Rooster, and that goes to number one in the UK in November of 1964.
So they've had a real run of hits in the UK in 64.
64 has been a very good year for The Rolling Stones in the UK and things
are looking an awful lot better for them in the US by the end of the year, as well.
Little Red Rooster is not released in the U.S., and
its, I think it tells us a certain amount,
that they announced that they released Little Red Rooster in the UK only, and
Time is on My Side in the U.S. only, during the fall of 1964.
Time Is On My Side, is a song that was, was meant to be a money maker,
a big hit for the group in the biggest, music market in the world,
in the United States of America.
That song, however, was not released as a single in the U.K.
In the U.K., they did a version of a Howlin' Wolf song,
Little Red Rooster, originally written by Willie Dixon.
The song you might think was recorded at Chess Records but
in fact it was recorded at Regent in September of 1964,
produced by Andrew Oldham, engineered by Bill Farley.
But what's interesting about Little Red Rooster is its one of
those slow blues numbers.
The Rolling Stones don't rock up, they don't jack the tempo up,
they don't do high energy.
They do it in a very slow, so, in fact, a very slow, subtle way.
I think it's one of their best early Bluish recordings, Little Red Rooster.
So, why would they release a slow Blues as a hit, in the UK and
it's, [LAUGH] you know, Bill Wyman and others have remarked you know, that that
was a number one hit in the UK tells you something about you know, UK audiences.
We could have never had a hit song like that in the United States, number one in,
in the fall of 64.
Why would they have released that instead of Time Is On My Side?
Well, one reason might be, and I can't confirm this, this is only my, my
observation, that the Rolling Stones were still interested in preserving the sense
that there was still an image to the group that was authentic, blues revivalists.
They were still interested in letting their crowd in England know that they
were still dedicated to the blues in a real sense, and not just in
a rocked-out commercial kind of sense, as they were often being accused of.
And so, to have Little Red Rooster come out,
a song that no record label would have said hey, that's a good idea, right?
They had, it comes out, you know, they do it in this very kind of low key,
traditional, blues kind of way and
and it really sends a message out to their fans that we really care,
still care about the blues, and we're going to show you, by releasing this.
Not something they would have done in the US but something they did in UK.
The B side of this one is a song called Off the Hook.
And it's credited to Nanker Phelge and again, probably it's
a reworking although it's just kind of a relatively genericy kind of blues tune so
who knows what it would be, a reworking off.
But, the people over at Chess thought the title Off The Hook,
sounded a little bit too much like a song that Little Walter had done for
Chess records, written by Willie Dixon, called Off The Wall.
So, they actually came after the Rolling Stones for copyright [LAUGH] infringement.
Not, not actually for the song, coz when you listen to the two songs together,
you can't really tell what the, you know, what the influence would be except for
they're both blues tunes, you know.
But it's just that they called that Off The Hook and
the other one's called Off The Wall.
So, the Rolling Stones, you know, being eager to maintain the positive
relationship with Chess records and everything, they, they, they made a deal,
they worked the whole thing out, but, it's just interesting that again, we see that
same, that same, strategy of putting if we're going to put a cover on the A-side,
they put their own tune on the B-side so that they get the, the publishing on that.
One last thing to mention, the Stones would often get
get roped into sessions with Andrew's other artists and so
they sometimes would back other acts in the studio like not under their own name.
And one of them was a woman by the name of Cleo who did a song called,
To Know Him Is To Love Him.
A song originally done by Phil Spector when he was with a group
called The Teddy Bears in the late 50s, early 60s.
In January of 1964 they did this these these recordings you can
find around on the internet, YouTube, these kinds of things.
But the, the, the, great thing is on the B-Side they put
the song called There Are But Five Rolling Stones.
So an interesting little I think trivia factoid with regard to
the Stones being pressed into service.
Well, let's move on to the second album.
At least the second album in the United States for
the Rolling Stones, and that's twelve by five.
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