I promised you earlier to give some details about so-called combined hyperaemia. Combined or mixed hyperaemia combines some features of active arterial one and passive venous one. It can occur as the short transition period between active hyperaemia in the beginning of inflammation and passive hyperaemia in the acme phase and remote phase of inflammation. We call it mixed hyperaemia because it combines features of arterial hyperaemia, like increased inflow of blood, with features of venous hyperaemia, like reduced outflow. Inflow is still increased but outflow is already a little bit retarded. So, there is a difference of two columns, inflow and outflow. And as you remember from previous diagram, as soon as we have a difference, we will have edema. Please notice that edema starts in combined hyperaemia and develops entirely to its most bright manifestation in venous congestion. Blood flow in combined hyperaemia is still fast enoug, almost as fast as in arterial one, but it is combined with a significant intensification of the formation of tissue fluid because the Starling's equilibrium is shifted, and major part of capillary bed gives the way to fluid outflow. You can see in this picture a specific color. Arterial hyperaemia produces rubber, venous congestion produces cyanosis, red plus blue gives you violet. This specific color, purple-violet color, of hyperaemic area with combined mixed hyperaemia. I need to say that combined hyperaemia, medical doctor may encounter not only as a transient phase of vascular dynamic of inflammation, sometimes it occurs without inflammation. Look at the face of this lady patient. It is called in medicine, matronism. Matronism is specific shape and specific color of face. It occurs in Cushing's syndrome and Itsenko-Cushing's disease, chronic hypercortisolism. In chronic hypercortisolism, even without inflammation, there is a combined hyperaemia in certain areas like in facial area, and we have these symptoms. Another very interesting detail concerns to mustard plasters and cupping-glasses. They are broadly used in medical practice since very, very old times. And the patient commonly believes that it is the same to make cupping-glasses procedure or mustard plaster procedure, but, in fact, pathogenetically, mustard plasters and cupping-glasses are very different. They produce different processes. Cupping-glasses simultaneously cause dilatation of both arteriole and venule under the glass because of negative pressure, but mustard plaster is different. It contains the substances provoking the release of inflammatory mediators from muscle cells and some other cells of skin. So, in that case, in mustard plasters, medical doctor, in fact, produce a focus of inflammation in the skin of patient, and the process starts with arterial hyperaemia. That's why you remember please that mustard plaster is a model of arterial hyperaemia in skin, but cupping-glasses, like in this picture, is a model of combined mixed hyperaemia.