So, we've talked about some of the motivation behind 5G and one of the large drivers is going to be what we call the Internet of Things or IoT. IoT really is that 20 to 50 billion connected devices they're going to come onto the network that give us those different bits of functionality that we're going to talk about how that drives the motivation for some of these transformations inside that network. So, the first question that we really probably want to answer is what is the thing? What do we mean by that? So, let's think about the set of devices that are going to be connected. Today, we know what those devices are, for the most part, the handset itself, the mobile phone, that's not going to be considered a thing when we talk about it. We would call that a UE or user endpoint. Typically, we wouldn't consider that into this special case of those connected devices there's on IoT. Similarly, we might not think of it as a home gateway that may be connected into those types of devices. Typically, what we're talking about when we get that collection of devices that are things are those elements that would not normally have a natural human interface like a keyboard. Either directly accessible to them like we have on our mobile device or into site to a data center computer where there may not be a keyboard connected all the time, but we could connect a keyboard or access to it and control that device through a keyboard. So, there's this whole collection of other devices. Sensors would be a great type of a concept, so let's take a pick the connected elements inside your home, whether that's going to be an appliance like a refrigerator, a dishwasher washing machine. What's going to be a center inside a factory that's controlling some type of position on a robotic arm or some other type of device? Those are the elements that we're talking about. There would be things typically when finding keyboard connected to those traditional query type style keyboard. Obviously, a dishwasher is going to have some type of a keyboard, but could fall into that key classification of a thing because of its functionality, but the other important point or this degenerate the isolated devices. So, again if you look back at some type of a legacy factory where you've got a CNC machine that is completely self-contained and even though it has some automation capability or programmability to it, if it's lacking that interface connectivity into the network and sometimes, I'll break it down and say, if it doesn't have an IP address, it doesn't have an IPv4 and IPv6 address, the largest access device and control and it's probably not going to be in that classification of the thing itself. So, what we're talking about then is that there's going to be 250 billion of these things that come in that are going to allow for those applications whether it's a health care type of functionality, whether it's a smart city where we've got detection for parking or metering or some type of crowd control type of thing or autonomous driving. Those are all the elements we're going to find and we talk about those types of devices that go into that classification of a thing.
