2-6 El Valor de la Fluidez Procedimental y la Práctica Deliberada

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Из курса от партнера McMaster University

Mindshift: Transforma tu mente para superar obstáculos en el aprendizaje y descubrir tu potencial oculto.

30 оценки

McMaster University

Mindshift: Transforma tu mente para superar obstáculos en el aprendizaje y descubrir tu potencial oculto.

30 оценки

Mindshift es un curso diseñado para ayudarte a impulsar tu carrera profesional y tu vida personal en el mundo de cambios acelerados que vivimos hoy en día. Cualquiera que sea tu edad o etapa de formación, Mindshift te enseñará técnicas para aprovechar al máximo tu experiencia de aprendizaje en línea, estrategias para conseguir y trabajar con mentores, secretos para evitar estancamientos (y catástrofes) en tu carrera profesional, y reflexiones sobre el valor de la ignorancia selectiva y la competencia general. Te proporcionaremos prácticas enseñanzas basadas en la ciencia sobre cómo aprender y transformar tu mente de manera efectiva, incluso durante la madurez, utilizando como base lo que ya conoces para guiar tu evolución en fantásticas nuevas direcciones. Este curso está diseñado para enseñarte cómo reflexionar sobre lo que estás aprendiendo, y sobre tu lugar en los acontecimientos que se desarrollan en la sociedad a tu alrededor, para que logres convertirte en lo que quieras ser y cumplas tus metas, teniendo presente las limitaciones que el mundo real pone sobre todos nosotros. ¡Verás que al usar estas técnicas y estrategias mentales, podrás aprender y hacer más -mucho más- de lo que podrías haber soñado! Este curso puede ser tomado de manera independiente, en conjunto o subsecuente a su curso asociado, Aprendiendo a Aprender. (Mindshift está más orientado a carreras profesionales, y Aprendiendo a Aprender está más orientado al aprendizaje).

Из урока

Profundizando en un Aprendizaje Efectivo

Una de las claves en el cambio de mentalidad es ser capaces de aprender efectivamente. Esta semana, entraremos más en detalle en esta área de vital importancia. Buscar la motivación para evitar la procrastinación puede ser algunas veces un reto en el aprendizaje, así que te daremos algunas estrategias importantes aquí. Pero también concerás más en profundidad algunos trucos mentales que te ayudarán a enfocarte, relajarte y replantear tu estrategia si el estrés llega repentinamente. También te enseñaremos cómo evitar caer en trampas del aprendizaje comunes. ¡Bienvenido y disfruta!

2-1 Introducción a la Semana 21:01

2-2 El Valor de una Mala Memoria6:07

2-3 Meditación y Estados de Conciencia - Lo que hay que Buscar4:01

2-4 La Técnica del Pomodoro para Trabajar en la Meditación7:23

2-5 Superando la Procrastinación7:35

2-6 El Valor de la Fluidez Procedimental y la Práctica Deliberada6:42

2-7 Malas Notas y las Manos de Barb - El Valor de los Trucos Mentales3:48

2-8 Aprendiendo a Reenfocar - Coloca una Etiqueta8:35

2-9 Integra Todos tus Sentidos en el Aprendizaje - Las Trampas de los "Estilos de Aprendizaje"3:53

2-10 ¿ Puedes Intentar Aprender Demasiado ?3:00

2-11 Tu Cerebro Social5:00

2-12 Resumen de la Semana 24:23

Video Opcional de Bonus: Entrevista con el Emprendedor de Singapur Adam Khoo20:45

Video Opcional de Bonus: Tips de Memoria de Nelson Dellis #24:13

Познакомьтесь с преподавателями

Dr. Barbara Oakley
Ramón y Cajal Distinguished Scholar of Global Digital Learning, McMaster University
Professor of Engineering, Industrial & Systems Engineering, Oakland University
Dr. Terrence Sejnowski
Francis Crick Professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Computational Neurobiology Laboratory
M.S. Orlando Trejo
Assistant Professor
Department of Electronics and Circuits, Universidad Simón Bolívar

[MUSIC]

So I have to tell you about a former student of mine,

He came up, stuck out a red marked quiz that he just flunked and he said,

I just don't see how I could have done so poorly,

I understood it when you taught it in class,

Here's the problem,

In Western education, at least, we've gotten so wedded to the idea that

conceptual understanding is the golden key to learning, that we've ignored

the fact that practice and repetition is an equally vital aspect of learning,

It's that repeated banging away at it that ultimately can structure knowledge,

Students themselves,

including my former student, are fooled about how to learn effectively,

In the past, for thousands of years the only way people thought learning

happened was through memorization,

People showed their learning mostly by just regurgitating what they'd memorized,

Now, it's not like this didn't work at all,

Otherwise, we'd never have the wonderful advances in the arts and

sciences that we've seen in the last millennia,

But of course, memorization isn't everything in learning,

As a reaction to that extreme sort of learning equals memorization idea,

in the last 100 years or so,

a new approach has gradually arisen in Western ways of teaching,

This approach says that conceptual understanding,

not rote learning or memorization, is the key to learning,

But in the West, at least, we've now gone off on to the other end of the extreme,

We've gone so far overboard in emphasizing the unique importance of conceptual

understanding that we've lost sight of the fact that some memorization in practice,

especially deliberate practice that focuses on the hardest parts

of the material, is also important in any kind of learning,

In fact, practice and repetition, not to mention memorization,

don't just reinforce your understanding, they can actually lead to a deeper and

richer understanding, as this paper shows,

Poets often say, memorize the poem and you will understand it more deeply,

But why should we in other disciplines let only the poets have all the fun?

Memorizing an equation, for example,

can help you understand that equation more deeply, especially if you're trying

to understand what's going on with that equation as you're memorizing it,

Unfortunately, you'll sometimes hear even advanced educators and

educational psychologists in the West saying, it doesn't matter, you can always

look it up, in regards many forms of learning, especially in math and science,

But that's really not true,

Would you know the French language, for example,

if you had to go look words up every time you needed them?

Would you know how to properly design an engine if you hadn't spent time

memorizing some of the equations, or

at least working enough with them such that they flowed fluently in your mind?

Would you really want your doctor to breeze through medical school without

memorizing any of the hundreds of thousands of facts doctors are typically

asked to memorize during their preparatory studies?

Psychologist Anders Ericsson's work has shown that all expertise develops

through building strong, well practiced mental representations,

That is, large libraries of solidly built neural chunks

that can be easily drawn into working memory,

The main point of this video is that practice, including some memorization,

can help you to chunk key ideas and

procedures, a vitally important part of learning,

Remember how when you're first trying to figure something out,

the working memory of your prefrontal cortex is going a little crazy?

Of course, once you've got that concept chunked, that is, understood and

practiced, you basically have the equivalent of a nice,

smooth ribbon that you can easily bring into working memory whenever you need to,

leaving the other slots of working memory free to process other

related chunks to hook them together to form more advanced thoughts,

This is a key idea,

If you want to see true procedural fluency, that is brilliantly chunked

expertise in action, take a look at Mr, Kazuyuki Takayanagi,

the president of USA, which is actually located in Japan,

as he works with two young children who are learning to add numbers

incredibly quickly in their heads using a technique called,

It's almost impossible to believe that anyone could add that fast,

much less young children, but add they can,

What this means is that the rhythms of quickly practicing addition have formed

fundamental neural structures that these children can access rapidly, easily,

and largely subconsciously, which means that their conscious working memory

can be working on more advanced ideas that build on the simpler ideas of addition,

Some children can actually play verbal games while they're doing

because the verbal processing uses a different part of the brain,

I sometimes have students come to me saying they suffer from test anxiety,

Test anxiety does exist,

I suffer from it myself,

But after decades of teaching, I've come to realize that

those who claim test anxiety often simply haven't studied well,

Of course they feel anxious when they sit down to do a test,

It's just that they haven't studied the material,

Only when the test is put in front of them do they look deeply enough to realize

that they didn't understand it, it's too late, and they panic,

So remember, conceptual understanding is important, but equally important

is practice and repetition enhanced by a healthy dose of memorization,

I'm Barbara Oakley, happy Mindshift,

[MUSIC]

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