2.3. Challenges to strategic planning

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Из курса от партнера Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

Mergers and Acquisitions – The Relentless Pursuit of Synergy

19 оценки

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

Mergers and Acquisitions – The Relentless Pursuit of Synergy

19 оценки

Курс 4 из 5 — Specialization Understanding Modern Finance

The area of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) is special in finance. Incredible amounts of money are employed in such transactions. Deals draw a lot of public attention and dispute. Oftentimes, stories look more like fairy tales rather than financial reality. The key idea in any M&A transaction is to create value through a potentially synergetic activity. To this end, it is important to have a clear motive and implementation plan. Of special importance are the correct valuation, proper financing, and actual deal completion. But this is not the end – value mostly accrues from the post-merger integration. The understanding of the motives of various stakeholders is instrumental in the analysis of the potential creation of value. The learners will gain insight into the core value creating M&A strategies. They will be able to use the obtained knowledge and skills to successfully advance in their career at a financial institution, as well as in the area of financial management at non-financial businesses. Finally, the Course is very helpful in successful completion of the Specialization’s Final Project.

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Strategy and M&As. Theories of M&As

In Week 2 of the Course we discuss corporate strategy and its role in value creation. We revisit some well-known schools of strategic thinking and frameworks of strategy formulation and implementation. Our objective is to understand strategic motives behind M&A transactions. Equipped with the overall understanding of strategy, we proceed with the discussion of major theories of M&As – the motives behind the planned transactions that have the value creation potential. In all theories we try to reveal the actual interests of the key stakeholders. Finally, we study the actual deal mechanics and ways to overcome incumbent shareholder resistance (the free-rider problem).

2.1. Strategy – the art of the long view11:47

2.2. Strategic vocabulary – some approaches and frameworks7:43

2.3. Challenges to strategic planning8:07

2.4. Some well-known classic schools of strategy12:48

2.5. Theories of M&As (1)15:40

2.6. Theories of M&As (2)11:33

2.7. Free-rider problem – solutions (1)12:30

2.8. Free-rider problem – solutions (2)12:45

Познакомьтесь с преподавателями

Konstantin Kontor
Director and Professor of Finance and Strategy
American Institute of Business and Economics (AIBEc)

All right. Now, let's say a few words about what is a problem in strategy formulation

and what can really undermine the great idea,

even the great implementation.

Now, I would make a small bridge to a second course,

a course in corporate finance,

when we said that in valuing a project,

the important thing is to have good inputs,

and it's even more important not to have good or great inputs but to treat them properly.

So, if they're sort of poor,

we have wide range that we do not pretend to

come up with the really narrowed down valuation.

We have the same problem here.

So, the challenges to strategy.

First of all, this is inputs.

And why is that the challenge?

Well, because there's, first of all, too many.

You will see in our handouts that again they are a couple of dozens of them.

Oftentimes, they are poor,

and what is more important here,

they are treated and evaluated

differently by various stakeholders.

So, some people believe that this is a good input but some others

may not be willing to buy this idea.

Well, to give you an idea,

I'll provide some checklist,

what should be taken into account.

Again there is a long checklist in our handouts but for now, we can say,

well, can we ignore the overall situation in the economy?

Well, we cannot but as we know,

we are unlikely to be able to narrow this down to

a certain range and these may be more just overall ideas.

Now, the next thing,

we have to think about resources.

We have to think about regulatory or social factors.

We, as always, have to keep in mind technology,

and then we also cannot avoid having a global view.

Now, you can see that all this checklist

offensively reminds you of what we did in

the previous episode when we talked about frameworks.

Now this is, on one hand,

something that helps us in formulation and implementation strategy and on the other hand,

by the same token,

and that becomes the challenge for us.

So, we have to keep this in mind but always compare

that with the quality of inputs and with our ability to evaluate that.

If we can do that,

that's great, if we cannot,

we better just keep this in mind but skip or

the most important thing is not to pretend that we know that great.

Now, so here on this last page of this small episode,

I will put some significant issues that

again they are close to what we had before in the following idea.

So, certain things we cannot ignore even if we do not have full control,

if we do not have the full understanding then we have to

do something to improve our control,

to improve our understanding,

and that again always starts with government

regulatory then social and maybe antitrust.

So, all this. Why is that important for us?

And again, here, I would put

significant issues and we keep in mind that this is for M & As.

Well, because if we ignore that or mistreat that,

then we are unlikely to get an approval for

a transaction and then all our work will be wasted.

Now, the next thing is again technology, development, change.

If we ignore that,

then why would we engage in this transaction?

Oftentimes, we engage in M & A with one big goal to really leap

frog by acquiring someone's technology by having a faster,

powerful development and by being more adequate to the changing environment.

Now, the next thing that is key here,

this is economies of scale or scope.

Well, that seems to be a narrow view so we're talking about

the competitive advantage namely cost leadership here,

but it sometimes is quite important if our transaction contributes to that.

That's one story. If we do not care about that,

we care about something else,

then we have to see how that is ignored

and why because most often, companies, well, historically,

they started the horizontal mergers,

they would buy your competitor and become bigger and by doing so,

they will be able to enjoy these economies.

Now recently, we have some other things and that is let's say Big Data,

communication channels, whatever it means maybe and then all other IT,

internet, and all this stuff.

Well, as late as 20 years ago,

it was not the main focus, but now, it is.

Because regardless of what you do,

you cannot ignore this fast changing environment and unless you're adequate,

unless you engage in certain actions that make you more adequate,

remember we talked about banks,

we said that a smartphone bank,

it was in our first course on Capital Markets.

We said that if a bank does not provide

its clients with the technology of making very fast and easy payments,

then the bank will lose the clients,

these customers who just live in the internet and no bank can afford to do so.

So, all this, this is overall global thing so we now can see that we can proceed.

But the key story for us is always to look back for an M & A.

So, in strategy course,

people would go broader.

They would study some areas in which all these contribute to organic growth.

For us, the key emphasis is this M & A reflection, if you will.

So, in what follows,

we will specify that a little bit more and recall some of the major schools of

strategy formulation and of identifying and supporting strategic advantages.

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