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From the course by University of Toronto

Learn to Program: The Fundamentals

1937 оценки

University of Toronto

Learn to Program: The Fundamentals

1937 оценки

Behind every mouse click and touch-screen tap, there is a computer program that makes things happen. This course introduces the fundamental building blocks of programming and teaches you how to write fun and useful programs using the Python language.

From the lesson

While Loops, Lists, and Mutability

This module introduces another way to repeat code (using a while loop), how to properly document your code to help other programmers understand it, Python's list data type, and the concept of mutation.

list Methods8:07

Mutability and Aliasing10:03

Meet the Instructors

Jennifer Campbell
Associate Professor, Teaching Stream
Department of Computer Science
Paul Gries
Associate Professor, Teaching Stream
Department of Computer Science

In our programs we often work with collections of data.

For example, we may work with student grades, or with the titles of books.

In this lecture I will introduce you to the Python list type.

And we will explore some of the functions and

operations, that can be applied to lists.

To begin, I'm going to create a variable grades that refers to a three element

list of integers.

The notation for our list, is an opening square bracket, comma separated values,

and a closing square bracket.

Grades is a three element list, or we say that grades has three items.

The first item is at index zero.

And grades at index zero refers to the int 80.

Grades at 1 refers to int 90, and

grades at index 2 refers to int 70.

We can also take slices of a list like we can with a string.

Beginning with a start index, in this case I'll

start at index 1, and an ending index going up to 2.

This gives me a slice of the list, which contains a single int, 90.

I go from grades at 0, up to 2,

then a 2 element slice is given with 80 and 90.

So the same rules for slicing apply to lists as for strings.

The in operator that we used for strings, can also be used with lists.

So this asks whether 80 is an element of the list grades, which it is.

The expression 60 in grades,

evaluates to false since 60 is not an element of the list grades.

Some of Python's built in functions that we used earlier with other types,

can also be applied to type list.

For example, we can find the length of a list,

in this case 3, because the list has three elements.

We can also find the smallest value in a list,

by passing the list as an argument to the function min.

And when we call the function max on a list, it returns the largest element.

There's another function called sum, that will sum the elements of the list.

So this case it sums 80, 90 and 70, returning 240.

Grades is a list of ints, but we can have lists of other types as well.

This subjects variable will refer to a list of strings.

Some of the same functions that we applied to the list of ints,

can also be applied to the list of strings.

For example we can find out its length, and

we can find out the minimum value in the list.

For strings, dictionary ordering is what is compared.

And the minimum in this case is bio, the max

is going to be that comes latest in the alphabet, or

latest in the dictionary, which is math.

And the sum function can not be applied to strings.

A type error occurs when someone's applied to the list of strings.

Data of different types may be contained in the same list.

For example, let's make a street_address list.

It will have an int for the street number, and a string for the name of the street.

So we've got an int and a string in the same list.

The final thing to show you in this introduction to lists, is the for

loop over lists.

So let's look at our grade example.

So each grade in the grade's list, we will loop over it and display it.

Grade is a variable name.

I could have used something like item or element here.

So we'll print those three grades.

Similarly, we might loop over subjects, and

I'm changing the variable name just to emphasize that that is just a variable,

referring to each element of the list in turn, starting from index zero,

working to the end of the list, printing the subjects.

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