And I think it's unfortunate that so many people died,
still died from AIDS, but, and and that I guess is the last point I would make, and
that is that AIDS has shown us the value of research.
>> Yes, indeed.
>> and, and, rapidly done targeted research, against the disease.
>> Absolutely.
>> Look how fast the anti-retroviral drugs have been, were developed.
Now we now that even the drugs, if given early,
can be, to be, play a role in prevention.
>> Sure.
>> So that, it seemed at the time that it was taking forever, but if you
take on the you know, the view from 30,000 feet, these discoveries were pretty fast.
>> Absolutely.
And I think we all remember the, once,
once the ARVs became available, the rapid change in people who have been sick.
>> Right, they got a dramatic change.
>> Just dramatic change.
>> And, and the stigma decreased.
>> Absolutely.
>> Discrimination decreased.
>> Right.
>> And, I think the, hope that someday there would be a cure, still there.
>> Sure.
>> And maybe a vaccine, tougher, tougher road ahead.
>> Sure, yeah, yeah.
>> well, will come.
>> Absolutely.
And now with I, I think those are great points and I also am really
interested in something that you, you know, that you said about research.
Because so many different actors who are involved in global health.
Now you have, you,
you're long involved in the positions of leadership variety of institutions.
And new governmental institutions in particular, educational institutions,
philanthropic institutions.
It's really giving you,
I think, the unique insight into how global health factors work.
You know, when, when I first teach global health courses,
students always want to know how the global health system works.
>> Mm-hm. >> And I say there's not, really a system.
There's a landscape of actors.
>> Right. >> Sometimes collaborating,
sometimes competing, sometimes working in, in silos.
It's, it's complex, that landscape.
Now what are, in your opinion, you know, with all of your experience,
what do you think are the key challenges that global health
actors face today in improving global health [INAUDIBLE]?