So let's talk a bit about the business. Unsurprisingly the gas business has a very similar value stream to the oil business. At the upstream end, you have exploration and production. Then where things get a little bit different is here in the midstream portion, and I'll spend some time talking about that. We might think about breaking down the different activities there as gathering and processing and then transmission. And then downstream we'll talk a bit about that [COUGH], there is some direct end use of natural gas. A lot of it goes to electrical generation, of course, and then there's some amount of manufacturing. But, the first portion, just to briefly recall on the ENP end, the upstream end is basically, we go back and look at the slides from oil, it's basically a process of finding a cost effective way to prospect and identify potential plays, often using seismic technology. Then going out and doing some exploratory drilling in order to prove those locations do have hydro carbons, in this case gas, and then there's gonna be development drilling and production operations all pretty much identical to the upstream oil activities. Primarily what you're trying to do at the mid-stream level is gather the gas from all of these facilities so you'll have an extensive network of small gathering lines or small lines to transport the gas from the wells to some central processing facility. And at that central processing facility, the objective will largely be to try to clean up the gas a little bit of any impurities and possibly separate some of the gas. Transmission refers to that bulk moving of the gas to that point of end use either at the household or in industrial uses. Transmission tends to be in the form of pipelines. Although some transmission will be in the form of LNG, you'll hear the term LNG, so this is gonna be It's gonna be both pipelines, but you'll also see the term LNG. [COUGH], LNG refers to liquid natural gas here. What we would do is cool the gas to 260, minus 260 degrees Fahrenheit and that will actually liquefy the gas at atmospheric pressure and then it'll often be moved on tankers or something. So this is oftentimes used in being able to trade gas across international boundaries. And then in end use, the primary end uses for one of the main end uses is for electrical generation, certainly in the U.S. We've talked a bit in some previous videos about how competitive natural gas has become for generating electricity. So one major end use is electrical generation, the other is for home heating and cooking. And then, gas that does not get used in that form, either used directly as a heating or cooking fuel. So we're consuming the gas for its energy that way. Or, converted to another consumable form of energy, electricity, than that guess that does not go there, to one of those uses, is going to go into the manufacturing stream. In the manufacturing stream it can be used in refining. Processes, petrochemical manufacturing, and then in the production of fertilizer are probably the three main areas that we utilize natural gas.
