However, there were differences, and
those differences were specifically the following,
they were more inclined to use alcohol and cannabis and they were more aggressive and
more impulsive at the same time to use the anabolic steroids.
And they had an aptitude which was sort of based on gain at any cost.
This is what we mentioned earlier, I think.
And then, there were two >> Key elements in the psychological
profiles and portraits in spite of their metaphysical characteristics,
they were less satisfied with their body image.
And it was more difficult for them, some were given measured.
It was more difficult to them to refuse an offer of steroid use.
Now other research was carried out, this time using other substances and
they were connected to different personality profiles.
One of them is very well-established in substances and
that is the one, which is the thrill seeking.
Seeking of thrills and there we consider that those who have that
sort of personality tend to move tend to go in the direction or
are interested in thrilling sports.
And they are predisposed to use steroids, for example,
in performance enhancement substances, but also stimulant psychoactives.
But we're not talking about American football here, are we?
No, no we're talking about other sports.
We're talking about sports that involve thrills, such as skydiving, for
example, or extreme sports.
And it's interesting, I think, because the spectrum is becoming wider in this profile
and we're not talking only about steroids and body builders, it's been broadened.
So what's interesting I think about these psychoactive substances is
that not only these athletes interested in the sports that cause this sensation,
these thrills, but they're more prone to associate them with the use
of psychoactive substances and they're also more prone to use
psychoactive substances when they stop practicing those sports.
So there's sort of an association mechanism between these various sports,
which are consistent with personality.
So, they stop the sport now the words.
>> [FOREIGN] >> But
they continue to use the same substances.
Well, we can talk about this all the research shows
that there is change also in the consumption or use patterns,
but there is a link, because the idea is to seek thrills.
Because the substances make it possible to have greater thrills and
to have these thrills when you cannot get them or obtain them through the sports,
but these substances are going to increase the feeling in the body.
Yes, it will enhance the feeling.
The feeling that you want is losing control,
which are actually sought by these people in their sports.
>> [FOREIGN] >> Finally,
these on this research in the psychology of a personality.
We have also identified hyper ADHD, in other words and
this makes it possible to the substances help
them to focus better when they have this ADHD.
So, all of these profiles.
>> [FOREIGN] >> Predispose an individual to carryout
certain practices and to use certain substances.
That's about research on the personality, but there's another category of research,
which I mentioned earlier, which we characterize as psycho pathology.
Now that brings us to completely a different theoretical
approach a different postulates, as well.
Now here, the idea is to say that these person's that are using substances are in,
I'm going to use a usual word, they are in unconscious fantasmatic body image.
So basically, it's image or perception of the body that fuels this.
We shouldn't understand this in the common sense,
the primary reflection or image of one's body.
Briefly, if I pick up the theoretical postulates that support this.
It's to say that a child, for example, will experience for
the first time a mirror and we'll see a self-unity.
There will be an image that the child will see in the mirror, it's the mirror image.
And this mirror image is a reflection of the child as a unit and
as the child develops, the child will note that there is
a discrepancy between this image he or she had of himself.
And all of these sensations,
emotions that will be experienced during the development of the child.
And then all of a sudden, the image will not be a unity.
There is going to be this discrepancy between this image of him or herself and
what he perceives about himself, and what others tell him or her about.
So, what we're going to see is that the subject
is going to try to maintain the identity and this image.
So, there's a conflict between the being and the appearing.
So, what is interesting is when we think about these conflicts between being and
appearing.
I think we can say that there are some periods in one's life when these
conflicts affect the individuals more certainly.
We've seen, for example, in the self-help phone calls that I talked about earlier.
We see some typical pathological psychological profiles that
are linked to this sort of tension in the body images.
For example, in adolescents.
We could say, here that the tension can exist.
For example, when adolescents call each
other things like Fatso, skeleton, loser.
All of these names associated with the identity,
which collide with this identity image of an individual,
this unconscious identity that the individual has.
And this collision might sometimes creates muscle strengthening,
strengthening of the muscles.
And these practices, which in fact are strengthening the identity and
they are associated with use of substances,
because they maximize the strengthening of the muscles.
So the armor plating of the body,
if you will contributes to work against the identity difficulties and
the artifacts of puberty, adolescents, for example,
have urges and they are going to have difficulties.
Some more, some less and
we've identified several strategies who react to these urges.
The first category is control.
Control of the body, control of the image as an example here of young
people who go and who sculpt their body in order better to control it.
If they control their body better, they control their activity better.
If they get involved in some body building, but when they look at themselves
in the mirror, for example, they're giving a solid structure to their body.
They're solidifying the their identities and then there's another way of
facing down this tension or dealing with this tension and
that is one that involves exhausting the body, going beyond the limits of the body.
Always trying to go one step further without any limits in terms of
what one can do with the body.
And there, this is very, very rigorous training, increasing number of hours of
training and also the use of some substances that are associated with this.
Now, we know that adolescents from a pathological point
of view suffer from body dismorphic disorder as I mentioned earlier.
The too skinny, the too fat, the too small.
And this sort of tension, sort of stress can lead to substances to cut down
the Adonis complex describe by [FOREIGN] >> Which is a muscular
dysmorphic disorder, affects adolescents, but adults later in sports.
Especially those who go to fitness
places to sculpt their bodies as they seek self-embellishment.
But this leads to straining and stress.
Doping but because they're adolescents when
there are pathologies such as anorexia for example.
Is this similar it's a similar mechanism.
Yes indeed they're comparable because they are based on this image of the body.
And to conclude on this cycle pathological part,
this image of the body, in fact, traps the individual.
It traps the individual in a sort of a narcissistic cage, and
they always want to go further, to do more.
And they're trapped in this image of their body, as was described by
Schilder this sociological
dimension which reaches back to the emotions and all
of the baggage that has been accumulated since the childhood of an individual.
What we see is that these profiles can vary and
that a significant usage of substances is possible for different people.
Even in some cases can be trivialized.
And these athletes, are they taking risks?
Well, they are taking risks, objectively, but as psychology looked at the risk,
examine the risks that they're taking.
Yes, mainly about the risk of addiction.