In this course, you will learn how to develop your Critical Thinking Skills to help you achieve success in your university studies. After completing this course, you will be able to: 1. Use critical thinking and argumentation in university contexts to improve academic results 2. Understand the importance and function of critical thinking in academic culture 3. Use a variety of thinking tools to improve critical thinking 4. Identify types of argument, and bias within arguments, in order to better evaluate the strength of arguments 5. Use evidence to support claims in arguments 6. Apply critical thinking and argumentation to real world problems and issues
1.2a Introduction to Academic Culture
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Из курса от партнера The University of Sydney
Critical Thinking Skills for University Success
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The University of Sydney
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Курс 3 из 5 — Specialization Academic Skills for University Success
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Introduction to Critical Thinking in Academic Culture
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Katherine OlstonDeputy Director (Digital Learning)
University of Sydney Centre for English Teaching
Luke AlexanderAcademic Literacy Instructor and MOOC Learning Instructor
Centre for English Teaching
[MUSIC]
Hi everyone and welcome to the lesson.
When we think about the experience of transitioning to university,
the idea of culture is a helpful metaphor.
So what is academic culture?
Jean Brick's definition is useful here.
She defines academic culture as the attitudes, values and
ways of behaving, that is shared by the people who work or study in universities.
So we're starting to get this idea of academic culture as a community.
With particular ways of thinking about things, doing things, and
also valuing certain things.
But what are these core values that make up academic culture?
Among the core values of academic culture, there are things like, research skills,
critical thinking, digital literacy, and the ability to communicate in different
forms for an academic context, along with many more values.
We spoke to some academics to find out how they define academic culture and
its core values.
[MUSIC]
>> Academic knowledge is shaped by our core mission,
through a shared understanding that we've developed over many years,
of the ways to advance the discovery and sharing of knowledge.
I've mentioned four things.
The first is the contingent nature of knowledge.
The fact that at any moment our understanding of the world may be turned
upside down by new discoveries.
And therefore the need to be open always, to alternative perspectives,
new ideas, and critical reflection by ourselves and others.
The second is the importance of scholarly rigor, and the need to be able to
explain to others with care and precision, on whose work we're drawing,
the assumptions were making, the lines of reasoning we're taking, and
the evidence that we're bringing to bear to make an inference.
The third is the recognition that knowledge, discovery, and
sharing, is a collective enterprise.
That discovery's enhance through collaboration, through publication and
sharing of ideas, and the importance of review by peers, of our work.
The final one is a recognition that understanding is enhanced through
the bringing together of different perspectives.
The idea that new ideas and
approaches often come by putting together things that are very different,
whether they come from different disciplines or different cultures.
>> So academic culture is a shared set of ideas.
It's about generating knowledge.
It's about generating new knowledge and new discoveries.
That might be medicines, that might be technology, it might be a poem.
But it's about respecting ideas and respecting knowledge.
>> Academic culture is actually a very broad concept, but
fundamentally it can be brought down to a way of thinking.
So this is about the beliefs, core values, and
expectations that are shared in an academic community.
And these core believes and expectations actually under pin the way we think,
the way we study, the way we work, throughout our university life.
>> Academic culture is a very interesting thing to describe.
It's quite difficult, but one way that I help conceptualize
what academic culture is, is by describing it like onion.
You have different layers that you have to peel off,
and each layer reveals something new.
So you might have the outer layer of the onion.
A cultural onion, so to speak, would be the environment that you are in.
And then an additional smaller layer might be then the behaviors that you exhibit,
and then inside, in the very, very small part is the core.
Values and beliefs that you might have.
So these would be values around what you study, values around what
your background is, and values that you gain probably from your family.
[MUSIC]
>> So an academic life in universities is all about expressing ideas about knowledge
and developing knowledge.
So when you're discussing knowledge,
it's always very important to talk about where those idea came from.
Were they ideas that you generated, or are you building on somebody else's ideas?
Did you take an idea from a paper?
Did you take an idea from a website?
From a newspaper?
From a film?
If you took an idea from somewhere else, then it is not your idea, and
it is important to make sure you reference where that idea came from.
And then when you develop ideas, when you develop new knowledge,
you'll expect your name to be associated with that.
And people will build on your ideas and they'll reference you.
[MUSIC]
>> Independent learning is also a core expectation of academic culture.
Students are expected to work on their own, to research
and develop their ideas, and present their ideas in assignments.
Lecturers are considered more as facilitators rather than teachers.
And it's important to realize that they won't always be there to hold your
hand and to teach you, that a lot of that honors actually falls on yourself.
And that's very, very important.
[MUSIC]
>> So central to academic culture is critical thinking.
Now critical thinking isn't like being critical of people
as we have in the rest of our lives.
It's not about pulling people apart and being nasty to them.
Critical thinking is about taking an idea, not a person, an idea, and analyzing it.
Taking your current set of knowledge, your current set of ideas that you have, and
try to investigate whether that idea makes sense, and whether you can approve it.
Can we improve it, can we discover new knowledge?
[MUSIC]
>> Core values and expectations of academic culture,
I would say probably number one would be inquiry, would be the sense we're
trying to find things out, we're trying to discover new knowledge.
That's what we do research for,
we trying to find out new facts, that's probably the central one.
Another one that's really crucial is clarity
of expression in communicating those facts.
So we find out things through our research,
and a major thing of what we do in academic culture is communicate them.
So we need to be able to communicate them with clarity, whether we're teaching or
whether we're talking with the public or talking to people about what we do.
And then I think a third thing would be that we need to be able
to apply that knowledge, and part of the culture is to think about ways to do that.
Think about ways to not just communicate things, but
figure out ways in which we can take our findings and improve things,
improve the world, lead to new discoveries, build on what we've done.
[MUSIC]
>> So assessment at university is not quite like in other places,
because it's all about ideas.
Is not just going to be about memorizing facts,
it can be just about learning what's in your lecture or
learning what's in a book, it's going to be about thinking about that idea,
thinking about those facts, and taking them somewhere new.
And so don't expect to able to memorize things,
you really got to able to talk about it from your point of view, and and
express your thoughts on what the question is asking.
[MUSIC]
>> And finally, I'd mention a responsibility for
ethical and positive contribution.
We need to use our knowledge in ways that are ethical, and
make a positive contribution to the communities to which we belong,
whether they're local, regional, or global.
>> So, now we've got some ideas about what academic culture is and
its core values, let's have a think about you and your transition into this culture.
You already know lots of things about different topics, and have skills and
ideas about learning, and you should bring all this prior knowledge to your studies.
What we aim to do in this course is to build on these existing skills, and
help you not only develop new skills, but also help you become familiar with
the attitudes, values, and ways of behaving within academic culture.
So even though we've looked at a general definition of what academic culture is in
this lesson, the whole course will investigate this in greater detail.
And in doing this, we hope to support you in not only surviving, but
fully participating and getting the most out of university.
When you start university you'll have lots of questions, and
when you finish university you may have even more questions.
But the important thing to remember is that learning is lifelong, and that you'll
always be developing and building on your skills throughout university and beyond.
[MUSIC]
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