5.3: The Role of China’s Leaders in China’s Rise

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Из курса от партнера The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Chinese Politics Part 2 – China and the World

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The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Chinese Politics Part 2 – China and the World

57 оценок

One of the most significant changes in the world in the past 30 years is the opening of China to the outside world and its engagement with that world. In the initial years of the opening, external forces influenced China’s economy, regional balances, bureaucracy, as well as the political authority of local leaders in the coastal areas. More recently, the world is feeling the effects of a rising China which seeks resources and talent from all around the globe and uses its financial wealth to strengthen its position in the world. This course tracks the opening of China up from 1978 until it joins the WTO, focusing on how the world affected China’s internal development. We then look at various aspects of China’s “going out strategy” — its search for energy, talent, as well as its relations with the United States and the states within the Asia-Pacific region. The instructor has been deeply engaged in research on all these topics, having lived in China during various stages of China’s opening to the outside world. Course Overview video: https://youtu.be/7FpNL67EbE4

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Module 5: China’s Rise and the World: A Panel Discussion

In this module, we invited three professors from various universities in Hong Kong to share with us their views on China's foreign policy and China's rise. Let's learn from these experts.

5.1: Introducing the Panel3:10

5.2: External Influences on Chinese Foreign Policy Behaviour11:24

5.3: The Role of China’s Leaders in China’s Rise8:27

5.4: Domestic Politics and Its Influence on Chinese Foreign Policy11:07

5.5: From a Political Economy Perspective, is China’s Rise Changing the World?13:18

5.6: Problems of Misperceptions12:56

5.7: Can China Rise Peacefully?15:20

5.8: Summary on the Panel Discussion11:00

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David Zweig
Chair Professor of the Division of Social Science and Director of Center on China’s Transnational Relations

[MUSIC]

Now I always say that new leaders make a difference.

And particularly when leaders in socialist systems change,

the state's policy usually changes as well.

New leaders can have a different world view.

Their perceptions of threat, their attitudes towards conflict,

or willingness to cooperate.

You can get a group of leaders you may share some common view of other powers

such as China of the US, or the nations history that these can be really

quite influential on how leaders look at the world and also who are their advisors?

Whom do they listen to?

Who are their think tanks?

So, Richard, China's got a new leader.

Xi Jinping, three years in power.

Has he changed Chinese foreign policy?

>> Yes, great change.

Xi Jinping, you can see,

his foreign policy is greatly different from his predecessors.

So he's very active and

his contact of foreign policy is quite different from his predecessor, Hu Jintao.

He travels in the last three years more than 30 countries and

he has his own style.

He has his own set of rhetoric.

And also, in terms of foreign policy, vision, strategy, he's quite different.

Let me give you some example.

Now, he brings in a new concept called big power diplomacy.

Big power diplomacy is not talking about how to deal with other big powers but

he's emphasized China should self-identify, identify self as big power.

So you have a sense of big power, responsibility, you need to have a big

power mindset and big power manner to contact foreign policy.

>> And that other states should treat you as a big power.

>> Yes that's very much different from the predecessor.

And China want to project itself as a big power,

responsible power produce more public goods for international society.

Second the basis of conducting foreign policy is,

we need to draw a bottom line, this is China's core national interest.

Whoever violates this or step over this red line, China will retaliate.

So China [INAUDIBLE] at becoming more affirmative on China's national interest.

Especially on territorial disputes.

>> So like the nine dotted line.

[CROSSTALK] We draw the line, the Philippines cross it, we've got them.

>> Yeah, on the east China sea, in the south China sea, China is a very,

becoming more assertive to assert it's interest in these areas.

>> JP do you, sorry, do see China being more a change under sea or

some degree of continuity, power of relations.

>> Well there's been some changes, I think we see China more thriving for

achievements rather than- >> Thriving.

>> Thriving for achievements rather than keeping a low profile.

I think what Xi Jinping did was put the last

nail on the coffin of the low profile, Jinping's low profile diplomacy.

But I think there's been a gradual change and if there was, there's been a turning

point, I would rather see two or eight as a turning point.

The year of the Olympics, the year of the financial crisis in the world,

the year where China felt that the US was in decline,

the west was in decline, and China's time has come.

And I think that all the changes which have been mentioned by Richard

can be traced back to 2008.

Core interest- >> But

Xi Jinping wasn't the leader then, right?

>> Yes, that's why.

I think it's much more the result, I mean, Xi Jinping's diplomacy,

much more a result of a collective mindset among the Chinese leadership.

As China is getting stronger, it has now much more meaningful military force.

Has a much, is the second economy of the world since 2010.

I think that you see a lot of those ingredients pushing China in the same

direction.

Now the final question we should ask ourselves is whether another regime be

more pluralistic, democratic, would carry out a different foreign policy,

would it be the same kind of grapevine diplomacy and

grapevine foreign policy as the one now carried out by Xi Jinping.

>> Well, I'll give you a minute later on you can come back with that one.

So Baohui, what do you think, do you think that Xi's changed things a lot or

is this, because 2008, Xi wasn't in power yet.

>> Well I see both continuity and changes, continuity in the sense that

is pursuing the same core objectives as his predecessors,

which as I said earlier, is to make China more powerful.

So every system Chow Ping, every Chinese leader pursues it.

>> Mao wanted to make China more powerful.

>> Exactly, they all have the same core objective.

>> Build a bomb. >> China's rise in the national system.

And it's no different in that sense, but

on the other hand, he is also actually [INAUDIBLE] transform policy.

He has effectively ended lying low [INAUDIBLE] strategy.

China is striking out.

China not only striking out,

China's actively trying to reshape international system.

So I think he is much bolder in pursuing power influence than his precessors.

>> Richard?

>> I would agree what we have said.

There is continuity and also there's change.

But I would say probably more change than continuity.

You can see he have a lot of new concept into the Chinese foreign policy discourse.

He talking about China dream, he talk about

the new security concept, he talk about a new model of major power relations.

He proposed so called One Belt, One Road initiative.

So these are something new, new initiative under his leadership.

Now by these new concepts, he's actually trying

to really build up China's great power status in the world.

And he's more pro-active, as a Professor

says, trying to achieve something new,

in the foreign policy.

And I think other countries now have to respond to this.

>> They recognize it, they recognize it.

>> Well clearly more ambitions, so you've got a positive

side that China cooperates more and more involved and more engaged.

>> That's good.

>> Economy of G20 or the new AI bank in France in Asia.

But at the same time I think we see Xi Jinping China is less risk adverse and

Xi Jinping is ready to take more risks and-

>> So cooperation versus conflict.

>> So it is more abrasive, I think with its neighbors, with the US to some degree.

And so we may see more frictions, at least,

with China's neighbors and partners.

>> Particularly when it draws the bottom line.

Right? >> I think-

>> You're the last word, I think.

I think the biggest change over the past is Xi Jinping

wants China to be a leader of the international system.

Before him the Xi Jinping's said China should lie low and

specifically advise China do not take the lead [FOREIGN] but

the Xi Jinping has abandoned our principle.

He want China to reshape the international system,

to be a new global public group provider and so I think that is the most

significant difference between him and his predecessors.

>> But also, also in terms of setting up bases overseas, that's something that

China always avoided doing, and now we see for the first time that

they're going to build a base or at least- >> Military base.

>> Truly a military base so that's something brand new, too.

Well, there's question number two.

Thanks, guys.

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