Hello dear friends, we were speaking about the way the characters are written, we were speaking about the instruments that you may use while writing them. But we haven't spoken about the results, how the results of this writing process are going to look like. Today, we would speak a few words about the actual results of your work with brush and ink and paper whatsoever. The traditional way the Chinese calligraphy is put in is the traditional scroll. The traditional scroll can be used for some working purposes. For instance, there is something important treatment inside. So then this scroll is to be open like that, looked at and then scrolled again. But today we shall speak about the scrolls that were made spatially as the samples of calligraphy. So then how this things are done. First of all, a calligrapher writes some inscription on this calligraphic paper under very thin calligraphic paper. After it dries, the paper, it doesn't squeeze, but it become a bit to call it maybe shabby. It doesn't look very smoothly. It certainly needs some processing, it needs something to be done with. This processing is really done, but not by the calligrapher himself because there are specialists who do these scrolls, who produce the scrolls. He gives them the paper with the characters and those specialists are making the scrolls out of these paper. That process is a rather complicated one. First of all, the calligraphic paper is to be glued on the surface of rather thick basement or rather thick paper, special one. This is a very difficult task to glue perfectly, not to ruin the very thin calligraphic paper with characters. Not to ruin the inscription. Not to make the final result squeeze. Well, it's an art. It's a separate form of art and it is done with a special glue, handmade glue of course, because you cannot use a regular glue that we're using in offices, it's absolutely different. If you use this kind of glue, it will ruin the whole inscription and just forget it. After this is done, you get this kind of an inscription. Look, here it is. This inscription is to be set up in a frame. So this frame is also made of special pieces of paper with silk glued on its surface. First, you make the upper part and here it is obvious how it is glued, then the side parts and the lower part. Here goes the scroll. But the scroll I'm just showing it is the so-called the parallel inscription. What is the parallel inscription? Parallel inscription is one of traditional forms of making inscriptions in Chinese when two sentences have absolutely the same grammar structure, but all the words inside that structure are totally opposite in their meaning. So if here we have a noun, for instance, a floor, so here we'll have a noun, a ceiling, here we have a verb to come, here we have a verb to go, and so on and so forth. So they are equal in grammar structure and absolutely opposite in the meaning of the words. Thus, a lot of philosophic ideas are expressed. Here for instance, on these two scrolls, the idea of knowing personal limits of a man and being satisfied with some humble achievements, this idea is reproduced in a very nice way. So this parallel inscription is written in the [inaudible] way and besides the inscription itself, it has also this line. What it is I will now explain you. So after the inscription is made, then this line indicating the time when the inscription was made, indicating the name of the calligrapher. Sometimes some other data is indicated and then you see the seal, the red seal that we are going to speak about in a more detailed way a bit later. So these scrolls of course, are not made for some private use, they're made for decoration. The scrolls with different inscriptions can be found in different houses, palaces, shrines in China. While in the living room, we are expecting a picture of a painting on a wall. In the Chinese dwelling, we will be expecting the calligraphy made in the form of a scroll hanging on the wall. So as scroll is made after all these things are glued, then a special plunk is glued to the upper parts of a scroll, and a special stick is glued to the lower part of the scroll. So that the scroll is going to hang on the wall perfectly and will not squeeze and will not turn over and will not scroll back again. This is the traditional form of a Chinese scroll. So the traditional for that calligraphy is represented in. We've already seen some Western parts, so some prince from Stalos, we've already seen some pictures of inscriptions on silk, but the most traditional form of the Chinese calligraphic work is the traditional Chinese scroll.
