2.14. Usage of modules

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Из курса от партнера Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

Building Arduino robots and devices

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Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology

Building Arduino robots and devices

191 оценка

For many years now, people have been improving their tools, studying the forces of nature and bringing them under control, using the energy of the nature to operate their machines. Last century is noted for the creation of machines which can operate other machines. Nowadays the creation of devices that interact with the physical world is available to anyone. Our course consists of a series of practical problems on making things that work independently: they make their own decisions, act, move, communicate with each other and people around, and control other devices. We will demonstrate how to assemble such devices and programme them using the Arduino platform as a basis. After this course, you will be able to create devices that read the data about the external world with a variety of sensors, receive and forward this data to a PC, the Internet and mobile devices, and control indexing and the movement. The creation of such devices will involve design, the study of their components, the assemblage of circuit boards, coding and diagnostics. Along with the creation of the devices themselves, you will perform visualization on a PC, create a web page that will demonstrate one of your devices, and figure out how an FDM 3D-printer is configured and how it functions. Besides those keen on robotics or looking to broaden their horizons and develop their skills, the course will also be useful to anyone facing the task of home and industrial automation, as well as to anyone engaged in industrial design, advertising and art. The course does not require any special knowledge from the participants and is open even to students of upper secondary school. Programming skills and the level of English allowing to read technical documentation would be an advantage, but this is not obligatory. The entire course is dedicated to practice, so the best way for you would be to get hold of some electronics, follow the illustrated examples and experiment on your own. The kits can be purchased here: kits.cyberphysica.ru. Taught by: Alexey Perepelkin, head of Robotics department in the Laboratory of innovative educational technologies at MIPT Taught by: Dmitry Savitsky, researcher in the Laboratory of innovative educational technologies at MIPT

Из урока

Week 2

It’s time to learn how to receive data with the help of sensors. During Week 2, we will teach you how to read off digital and analog signals, exchange data with a computer, create more complex algorithms, and use new output devices.

2.1. Week overview1:16

2.2. First sensor1:56

2.3. Voltage divider5:19

2.4. How to read off analog signals5:30

2.5. Exchanging data through a serial port6:44

2.6. About a signal8:45

2.7. Reading off digital signals5:37

2.8. Boolean expressions and program branching16:43

2.9. New display devices: buzzer and bar graph13:12

2.10. Seven-segment display2:24

2.11. Microchips4:25

2.12. Output shift register13:21

2.13. Debugging5:37

2.14. Usage of modules6:19

2.15. Monitoring system12:01

Познакомьтесь с преподавателями

Алексей Перепелкин
Руководитель направления развития цифрового творчества
Центр инновационных образовательных технологий МФТИ
Дмитрий Савицкий
Научный сотрудник
Лаборатория инновационных образовательных технологий МФТИ

Up until this point, we have been assembling all our device circuits on solderless breadboards.

This is a wonderfully convenient way of prototyping.

If you want to make something durable,

you can assemble your circuit on a solder breadboard.

I have one right here, and as you can see,

it follows the shape of a solderless breadboard.

You can thereafter swap all elements and solder all the needed outputs.

You can then pickle the board by yourself, or even

order one single board, as well as a set of them, at a plant.

I now want to tell you about another interesting peculiarity that

the Arduino platform has.

Arduino’s many models,

for example, the flagship Uno model, have standard terminals, i.e.

a standard layout of pins with a standard distance between the pin blocks

responsible for power, which are the analog block and these digital blocks.

This allows us to use the so-called expansion cards,

or shields, as we say in English.

I am going to introduce you to the first shield now, which is called Troyka-shield.

There is a large array of those, as different

producers manufacture them, but each shield has its own function.

Further on, when we start to build a mobile robot,

we will be using a motor shield, which is basically a board used to control motors.

You can also use the Ethernet-shield,

which is a board that connects Arduino to a local network.

There are also boards which establish radio connection, and so on and so forth.

It’s hard to name them all.

What is the essence of working with a board?

They have a counterpart with pins, which is conformant to Arduino’s terminal.

So the expansion card is simply placed on Arduino like this [PAUSE].

[PAUSE] What do we need this Troyka-shield for?

The truth is that many manufacturers

produce components conformant to Arduino in the form of modules,

which are small details with their components assembled on a small board.

Let me take this module as an example.

This is the Hall sensor, aka the magnetic field sensor.

Many sensors,

modules, etc, use 3 pins when they operate: 2 of them are

used for power, then there are the “plus” and the “minus”, and, finally, the third one is for signals.

Having found out that we often need to break up the circuit by

sending power to various components and transmitting signals to Arduino,

we have decided to assemble an expansion card like this.

Why is it supposed to be so good?

All its pins are marked with such triple pins,

and the signal line is complemented with power and ground lines.

The digital pins are located along the digital pin terminal,

while the analog pins are organized in a separate row and marked from A0 to A5.

Also, every line is marked with GND, VCC and either D or GND or

VCC. FSK is the signal, so that you don’t get confused when you connect your sensors.

Now I am going to introduce you to several modules,

which are literally the twins of the Troyka-shield.

They are called Troyka-modules, that’s what Amperka has decided to call them.

I am going to tell you now why I like them.

We are actually going to use some of them in our project now.

In particular, the switch

which already has a pull-up resistor inserted in the board.

There is a light sensor, which also has a power divider on the board.

We use a jargon expression for this – harnessing.

All these resistors that complement the devices and facilitate their

work – all of them we already have here.

The thermometer, [PAUSE] the Hall sensor, aka the magnetic field sensor,

the potentiometer and the piezo buzzer.

All of them are of standard size, having 3 pins at the back.

Their labelling you can find on the front: S is for signal, V is for power, and G is for ground.

[PAUSE] So that you could imagine the array of opportunities that

the module system can give you, I can tell you that Amperka,

along with other manufacturers from all over the world, make their devices in the form of modules,

such as microphones, semi-segment displays,

various bar graphs and sensors: range sensors,

vapor detectors, humidity sensors, and all other types of sensors that you could think of.

As well as all various expansion cards, it’s hard to name all these devices here.

Thus, we can take a cable with 3 wires,

marked with different colors,

so that we could retrace where to connect ground and power.

The black wire is always the minus of the ground, and it should be connected to pin G.

We should also look where we need to connect it on the reverse side.

[PAUSE] For instance,

[PAUSE] I have connected the potentiometer to A0 input, just as we did before.

You can simply find some space on the body of your device

for this module and forget this complex circuit on the board.

We are now going to assemble the device, which is our main project for Week 2,

and in it, we will already be using modules.

In terms of programming, working with modules

is no different from working with components placed on the board.

The only difference is that with modules, it will be easier for you to assemble your device.

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