And there are many other different ways as I mentioned, for
example, to control a neuronal activity,
to recall a neuronal activity with electrophysiology, and for
example, using many, many electrodes at the same time.
Imagine how that put into a monkey's brain.
And then you can recall many neurons, and you can recall single cells, and
then you can put into a natural in a single cell.
For example, if your skillset are very, very good, you can put one electrode.
Putting a blue color here, you can see this blue color through this cell.
You put in another electrode in a very teeny,
tiny dendrites and then filter another cell.
So you can simultaneously recall a single cell with two electrodes,
one in the soma and one in the dendrite.
In the world, probably only 20 labs can do that.
And then of course, one can recall a single cells and
single channel from those cells.
And then more importantly, recent development of this genetic technique and
the imaging technique together to generate this imaging sensor allow much,
much more people can access the neuronal activity by imaging.
Because imaging are much more easier than putting electrode to recall a cell.
And then this illustrates that a calcium imaging can image the action
potential because here is electrical recording from the cell.
You can see whenever the cell action potential,
that's a constant signal that corresponding to the electrical firing.
Then from this calcium imaging,
you can indirectly get in the information of these neurons.
And then you can perturb those neuronal activity by
channel reduction, by direct electrical stimulation.
So we can go on and on.
And with that, I'm suggesting that people should take
a look of this chapter by mode.
And then we're going to have a more better overview of the neural techniques.
Again, it's new ways to observe and
perturb the neuronal activity, and one needs to really,
sort of understand what is the challenger in the complicated anatomy.
Faster reaction of the brain to design and
invent new techniques to trace their connections and
then to understand and perturb the neuronal activities.
All right, with that let's just call it an end for today,
and I hope you guys will enjoy the rest of Nang Lee sections.
I can see so many of you are so happy, I can understand that.
And then I wish at this with my sections,
I secretly hope some of you like or
love learning neuroscience a little bit more.
I hope I don't scare you guys away.
And I hope one day all of you will have the new findings or
new techniques in different aspect of
neuroscience that can allow me to be proud of.