Explore
For Enterprise
Join for Free
Log In

Гуманитарные науки и искусства
Бизнес
Компьютерные науки
Наука о данных
Информационные технологии
здоровье
Математика и логика
Личное развитие
Естественные и технические науки
Социальные науки
Изучение языков
Степени
Сертификаты

Полный обзор Coursera

Обзор
Поиск
Для организаций
Войти
Присоединиться бесплатно

1.2.8 The visceral nervous system

Loading...

Advanced Neurobiology I

Пекинский университет

3.9 (оценок: 269) | Зарегистрировано учащихся: 29K

Hello everyone! Welcome to advanced neurobiology! Neuroscience is a wonderful branch of science on how our brain perceives the external world, how our brain thinks, how our brain responds to the outside of the world, and how during disease or aging the neuronal connections deteriorate. We’re trying to understand the molecular, cellular nature and the circuitry arrangement of how nervous system works. Through this course, you'll have a comprehensive understanding of basic neuroanatomy, electral signal transduction, movement and several diseases in the nervous system. This advanced neurobiology course is composed of 2 parts (Advanced neurobiology I and Advanced neurobiology II, and the latter will be online later). They are related to each other on the content but separate on scoring and certification, so you can choose either or both. It’s recommended that you take them sequentially and it’s great if you’ve already acquired a basic understanding of biology. Thank you for joining us!

Просмотреть программу курса

Рецензии

3.9 (оценок: 269)

5 stars
137 ratings
4 stars
57 ratings
3 stars
22 ratings
2 stars
21 ratings
1 star
32 ratings

SH

Dec 19, 2018

An informative site which provides bunch of information.

SB

Jul 27, 2018

This was a true challenge and magically eye opening!

Из урока

Anatomy of the Nervous System

Let's start with a basic introduction of neuroanatomy.

1.2.1 Brain stem9:30

1.2.2 Cranial nerves13:47

1.2.3 Ascending and descending tracts and reticular formation2:47

1.2.5 Reflex and reflex arc3:46

1.2.6 Concepts in the CNS and PNS2:32

1.2.7 Spinal cord8:14

1.2.8 The visceral nervous system12:04

1.2.9 Several pathways of the nervous system5:27

Преподаватели

Yan Zhang
Professor
Yulong Li
Research Fellow

Текст видео

The visceral nervous system.

The visceral nervous system controls the movement of our visceral and

will get the input information from our visceral system.

There are two parts of the visceral system,

one is the motor nerve, the other one is the sensory nerve.

The motor nerve, there are two major components for the motor nerve.

One is the sympathetic system, the other one is the parasympathetic system.

These two systems are most likely counterpart to each other.

Lots of the function, or lots of the effect from

these two systems can for each other.

In our spinal cord system, lots of the nerves

start from the spinal cord myelinated here

by Schwann cells or dendricite cells.

For periphery system, most of the time, it's a Schwann cell.

The myelination itself will increase the transport

efficiency of the electric signals through the nerve.

The somatic motor neuron normally is myelinated

pretty well and then through the spinal chord.

The motor neuron send out the motor information to the muscle and

then the ACh is acetylcholine is one of the major neurotransmitters

released by the nerve terminal of the motor neuron.

Acetylcholine will get into or

through the synaptic cleft, get onto the muscle surface or

bind to the acetylcholine receptors on the muscle surface and

then the muscle surface can contract upon

receiving acetylcholine stimulation.

For automatic motor neurons,

sometimes these neurons are not myelinated and then for

the presynaptic, sometimes, there's a relay in this system.

Before the relay, the nerves

are mostly myelinated and after the relay,

sometimes the post-ganglion part of this neuron can be unmyelinated.

Then for this system, the effector sometimes can be muscle but

most of the time it's not muscle, itself, it is sometimes your

bracing system, sometimes it's a gland cell.

From the spinal cord, the nerves can

be just one nerve from the spinal cord to the effector or

there can be a relay between the spinal cord and the effector.

Th main differences between the somatic motor system,

motor neurons and the visceral motor system can be compared in this table.

Normally, the effector of the somatic motor system is just our skeletal muscles.

For our visceral system, this can be cardiac system,

smooth muscle or our glands and the kinds of fiber

of the somatic system, as we see right here, is often very simple.

It's only one kind.

And then for,

our visceral system, there's two kinds, the sympathetic system and

parasympathetic system and then, the relay for two system.

For our somatic movement motor system there's often single neurons.

There's no relay between the spinal cord and effector.

For the visceral system,

normally, there are two neurons and in preganglionic neurons and

in postganglionic neurons, there is a relay in between.

In the fibers for the two system for the somatic motor system,

normally, there are six myelinated fibers.

There are six fibers as we see here and then it's well myelinated.

For the visceral system, the preganglion part is myelinated but

still if you compare to the somatic system,

it's very thin and lightly myelinated and

then the postganginium part is unmyelinated.

For the visceral motor system, as we mentioned the above,

there are sympathetic part or sympathetic system and

the parasympathetic part system.

The parasympathetic part has a sympathetic ganglia.

The paravertebral ganglia is located right beside the spinal cord.

Let's get back to our lecture.

The sympatethic trunk consists by paravertebal ganglia and

interganglionic branches and

lies on two sides, either side of are vertebral columns,

from the base of skull to the very bottom part.

The prevertebral ganglions is just in the front of our spinal cord.

The distribution of our sympathetic nerve system.

This table lists the position of each sympathetic nerve.

For the parasympathetic system,

we have parasymphetic ganglias.

The cranial portion in the brain stem is

the ciliary ganglion pterygopalatine ganglions and

the submandibular ganglions,

otic ganglions, and terminal ganglions.

Sacral portions of the ganglions, the preganglionic

fibers from the sacral parasympathetic system nucleus leaves the spinal cord

with anterior root of the spinal nerves at S2 to S4 of regions.

These are the spinal nerves that control different part of our visceral systems.

The main differences between the sympathetic system and

parasympathetic system is for sympathetic ganglions,

we have one relay between the CNS system and our effector.

For the pairing and for the preganglion part, it's

normally myelinated, for the postganglion part, it's normally unmyelinated.

For the parasympathetic ganglion part normally from

the CNS system, we have very long axons to the ganglion.

In the preganglion part is myelinated and

in the postganglion part is unmyelinated to the effector.

This table compares the two systems,

the sympathetic system and the parasympathetic system and

then the lower center for both systems are different.

One is from the lateral gray horn of spinal cord segment T1 to L3.

The other one is from the parasympathetic nucleus and

sacral parasympathetic nucleus located in our brain stem.

In the ganglia cells, for the ganglia cells, the sympathetic system,

the ganglias are located in paravertebral and

the prevertebral locations, and then for

the parasympathetic system, it's often located in terminal.

The preganglia part for the sympathetic system is often shorter and

the parasympathetic system it's often longer.

Then accordingly, the postganglion part for

sympathetic system is often longer and for

parasympathetic system it's often shorter.

For the pre- to postganglion cells and

for sympathetic system, is one to many and then for

parasympathetic system, it is often one to a few.

From this part, the pre- to the post- effect, is one to many or one to a few.

The sympathetic system is distributed throughout the whole body.

But for the parasympathetic system, the location of the system

is often limited to our head, our visceral of the throat

and then our abdomen or our pelvis.

For the different action of these two systems, for sympathetic system,

it's often prepared for the emergency situation.

For the other system, the parasympathetic system is often conserve energy.

So these two systems to the emergency system is the pro and

the con situation to the emergency.

Normally, the sympathetic system will increase our heartbeat,

increase our blood pressure, and for the parasympathetic system,

it decreases the heartbeat and it decreases our blood pressure.

Ознакомьтесь с нашим каталогом

Присоединяйтесь бесплатно и получайте персонализированные рекомендации, обновления и предложения.

Coursera делает лучшее в мире образование доступным каждому, предлагая онлайн-курсы от ведущих университетов и организаций.

© Coursera Inc., 2019 Все права защищены.

Загрузить из App Store

Загрузить в Google Play

Coursera
О проекте
Руководство
Карьера
Каталог
Сертификаты
Сертификаты MasterTrack™
Степени
Для организаций
Для правительственных организаций

Сообщество
Learners
Partners
Developers
Beta Testers
Translators

На связи
Блог
Facebook
LinkedIn
Twitter
Instagram
YouTube
Технический блог

Еще
Условия
Конфиденциальность
Помощь
Доступность
Пресса
Контакты
Справочник
Филиалы