Hello everyone, and this is the final week of our educational course on additive technologies. Theme 1: Methods of obtaining metal products with a complex shape. Currently, there are a large number of methods for obtaining parts of complex shape from metal. Special casting methods, powder metallurgy, multi-exit milling using CNC machines, etc. These methods are widely used and have a relatively low unit cost. The advantage of casting methods is high productivity of the process and higher reproducibility of geometric dimensions of the produced parts. The disadvantage of the group of casting methods is the difficulty of creating a casting mold for parts of single hence more serious production. In comparison with casting, additive methods enable to grow parts without creating intermediate casting molds. This significantly reduces both the production time and cost of the final product. In addition for methods of casting, a very difficult task is to obtain parts from composite material. Creating parts of complex shape using the milling group of machines is now the most common method of obtaining machine building parts with the required accuracy. However, when it is necessary to use expensive including composite materials, methods of mechanical processing using the technology of the material removal lose out to the currently developing methods of the material addition. The main drawbacks are: high duration of the technology preparation process, low material utilization factor, and high labor intensity of the process. In addition, the processing of high strength materials by turning and milling requires special tools that increases both the processing time and cost. One of the most productive and widespread methods of obtaining metal parts by material addition, the following methods can be distinguished: welding wire with electric arc, overlaying the powder material with an electron beam, selective laser sintering of powder material, direct laser growth of powder material. Laser processing of powder materials was first described in 1988. That opened new horizons in obtaining details of complex shape, not only for mono materials, but also for complex compositions required in the production of highly load boarded parts of mechanisms and machines. There are two methods to build up objects by laser processing of powder materials. The first method, powder layer by layer pulsation by a laser beam on a bulk layer, and second method, processing of powder, which is fed directly into the growing area coaxially with the laser radiation. The technology of layer-by-layer bulk processing, consist in processing of powder material located in a powder tray. The powder is melted by a laser radiation of minimum sufficient power. After each layer is processed, the metal is fused with the substrate or the previous layer at the required locations. Then the bottom of the bath is lowered, a powder layer is added, and the melting operation is repeated for the next layer, guided by the control program. The layer of thickness is no more than 100 microns that allows achieving the high-accuracy of the growing objects. This method is notable for simplicity of kinematic scheme and software. The wide distribution is due to the applicability in medicine and aviation. However, these group of methods has several serious shortcomings. The first is complexity of growing objects with significant size. Currently, the size of the part more than 0.3 by 0.3 by 0.3 can only be achieved by special measures. The introduction of multiple sources of radiation and multi-stage production that requires additional research in each case. The second is the technology allows growing objects only from mono materials or already made mixtures of powders. It is impossible to change the composition during the growth process. The third drawback, the productivity of the selective melting process currently ranges from five cubic centimeters per hour to 80 cubic centimeters per hour, and strongly depends on the complexity of the grown objects. Fourth drawback, high requirements to the powder material used. Nowadays, the range of applied materials for this selective laser melting technology is not wide enough. The majority of companies, plant manufacturers, produce their own special powders. As a result, the supplier of materials with inflated prices can only perform the operation of such machines. Five, unsatisfactory quality of the material for the grown parts. The object grown by this method requires further processing to obtain the required material properties. There is a number of methods to improve the quality of material of the obtained parts. Types of heat treatment, mechanical processing, and pressure treatment. Many problems inherent to selective laser fusion are solved by coaxial laser treatment of powder materials.